Glossary entry

French term or phrase:

mis en cause et reconnu fautif

English translation:

accused and found to be at fault (see context)

Added to glossary by Conor McAuley
Mar 29, 2021 15:22
3 yrs ago
44 viewers *
French term

mis en cause et reconnu fautif

French to English Law/Patents Medical (general) medicolegal article
Hi,

This is a French medicolegal article on the management of complications in spine surgery.

In other sentences I have translated "mise en cause" as "impleading" but it doesn't sound right in this sentence:

"un chirurgien a été mis en cause et reconnu fautif pour retard de diagnostic (...)"

Can this be translated as "one surgeon was sued and found to be at fault (...)" or "one impleading surgeon was found to be at fault (...)?

This for the US.

Thanks for your assistance

Joanna
Change log

Apr 12, 2021 13:58: Conor McAuley Created KOG entry

Discussion

Nikki Scott-Despaigne Mar 30, 2021:
@SafeTex Having worked in professional ethics and discipline, my very first job in law, my very first instinct was to read this in this way. It remains a perfectly plausible reading, based on the information we have been provided with.
Yes, the context does beg the questions "by whom" and "in what circumstances" - totally!

Some assumptions can be made but the terms used are, in essence, generic. In fine, the English rendering should also be generic. The difficulty here is that there is a posibility of overlap where the EN term may be both generic and specific. So, with that in mind, I tend to be careful and remain as generic as possible to avoid a speicific term which may be correct and thus safe, may also be incorrect and then a mistranslation.
The term "accused" seems risky in the first example Joanna gives, less so in the second example.

See my additional note in my answer post for the range of situations in which "mise en cause" is used in criminal proceedings and how generic it is.
If the CRCI is concerned, the term "mise en cause" is used when the procedure is underway. See additional note 3. The translation of the term may then be different to the one used when b4 courts.
SafeTex Mar 30, 2021:
@ Nikki and all Hello Nikki and all

It's rare but I don't agree with you Nikki but about your remark below. okay, some of us are assuming there was some sort of official charge, disciplinary hearing or whatever, and I have to concede that this is not in the text but without assuming that, who accused the surgeon and who found the surgeon guilty???

I mean, do you think it was maybe the cleaning lady who saw what happened and accused him and then the family of the patient found him guilty??? (it's a rhetorical question of course as I'm sure you don't think that)

But that's why I think the assumption of some sort of disciplinary hearing or similar is okay to make, 'cos if we don't make it, then we end up on even thinner ice.

What do you think?

joanna menda (asker) Mar 30, 2021:
Hi everyone, here is another example where the author only uses "mise en cause": "indentifier les facteurs péri opératoires influençant la mise en cause du chirurgien ou de l'équipe paramédicale lors d'une expertise en cas de complication."
Nikki Scott-Despaigne Mar 30, 2021:
Need to be careful here! From the extract, we don't know whether the person was charged nor what any possible judgment may have concluded. It may be the case, but that is irrelevant as the terms here do not indicate that is the case.
The expression "mettre en cause" is a generic term indicating that an individual is suspected of somehow being involved in some criminal wrongdoing. It does not amount to having been charge with an offence.
Recognising someone as "être fautif" indicates of course that he person has been recognised as being/having been at fault. No more, no less. Again, this cannot presume that the person has been charged.
Being "charged" would involve the expression "mettre en examen". We don't have that here, nor is there any mention of negligence, criminal or otherwise.
The level of language is critical here too.
Conor McAuley Mar 29, 2021:
(And thanks for the extra context.)
Conor McAuley Mar 29, 2021:
Actually, thinking about the wording a bit more, I would says it's the medical authorities. The wording "reconnu fautif" is not court ruling-speak.

I guess CCI is this: "Commission de Conciliation et d'Indemnisation des accidents médicaux"?
joanna menda (asker) Mar 29, 2021:
Hi Conor, it is difficult to say if these are medical or legal authorities because France has a dual-track system since March 2002. The author keeps talking about the "l'expertise" but that can be in court or in a CCI setting. This surgeon was investigated and found to be at fault for not diagnosing the complication soon enough.
Conor McAuley Mar 29, 2021:
I think a fairly neutral rendering -- neither 100% medical, nor 100% legal -- could be something like the following:

"accused of late diagnosis and found to be at fault"
Conor McAuley Mar 29, 2021:
To Joanna: Who or what was the agent here -- medical authorities or legal authorities?

The whole register to be employed will depend on that, as far as I can see.

Also the gravity of the charge and the penalty? Did the person make a small mistake, was he or she guilty of gross negligence, or was he or she deemed criminally negligent?
philgoddard Mar 29, 2021:
I don't think he was necessarily sued, just investigated. Impleading means suing, so that's not correct.

Proposed translations

+2
3 hrs
Selected

a surgeon was accused of providing a late diagnosis and found to be at fault


That's the whole bit for you.

Odds-on it was the medical authorities did the accusing and came to the stated conclusion.

See the discussion.

I think it can be kept in plain English, as it was written in plain French.
Peer comment(s):

agree liz askew : accused, yes.
19 hrs
Thanks Liz!
agree Shilpa Baliga : or as Eliza suggests, of "failing to provide a timely diagnosis"
23 hrs
Thanks Shilpa!
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Selected automatically based on peer agreement."
-1
1 hr
French term (edited): ...a été mis en cause et reconnu fautif

... has been joined in the case and found to be negligent

Unless means held liable, mettre en cause - 'serve third-party notice on; be implicated': fautif - 'negligent, improper; unsatisfactory, wrongful', Bridge.

Note first weblink refers for the translation of 'hold liable' to mettre en cause la *responsabilite*....

Whether the surgeon has been US: impleaded or UK: joined in as a third-party / impleader is an archaic criminal litigation term / depends on who/m, such as the hospital or area health authority, has taken the primary rap.
Example sentence:

IATE: EUROPEAN UNION (10) LAW (12) COM fr mettre en cause dans le procès COM en to join as party to the action COM

Peer comment(s):

disagree Eliza Hall : Mis en cause doesn't mean joined, and parties are only "joined" to existing cases (for instance, A sues B, and then joins C as co-defendant).
2 hrs
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+2
2 hrs

accused of/blamed for and found to be at fault/negligent

"mis en cause" technically means "to be accused of" or "to be blamed for sth". It usually implies that the person will be investigated but there is a nuance between the two.

As far as "reconnu fautif" is concerned, found to be at fault and found to be negligent are both correct, I wouldn't mind using either.
Peer comment(s):

agree Eliza Hall : Accused yes, blamed no. "Accused of, and found negligent for, failure to timely diagnose."
1 hr
agree Yvonne Gallagher : with Eliza. All that's needed: Accused of, and found negligent for, failure to provide timely diagnosis.
5 days
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-1
3 hrs

the subject of a disciplinary hearing and found guilty of

Perhaps depends a bit on the country and the exact accusation/decision 'cos a doctor can be struck off for example or banned from practising but please see my references to support the first part of my suggestion in particular
Peer comment(s):

disagree Eliza Hall : Mis en cause does not mean that he was the subject of a disciplinary hearing, and "guilty" is not used in any type of legal EN context other than criminal law. Medical negligence isn't criminal.
3 mins
So he was accused and found to be negligent (your choice) by whom and how??? Yet again, you've gone and disagreed with a plausible answer but it's not the first time.
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20 hrs

suspected of being involved in wrongdoing and recognised as being at fault

Others suggest these terms but this is the clearest. "Mettre en cause" means to be suspected of being involved in one way or another. It does not mean "charged with". It will also depend who is using the term. Prosecuting authorities may suspect that someone is involved but the extent of that involvement may not yet be established. The person will be suspected of being invovled but it may not be the case. Other possibility, there will be sufficient evidence to go ahead and make a formal charge in which case the person will be "mise en cause".
Context also : if the person who is "mettant X en cause" is not a formal authority, then it might be appropriate to say "is being accused of" but this takes you onto dodgy ground. There is a world of difference by being accused by a colleague and by being "accused" by the police. I'd steer away from "accuse" here.

"To be at fault" is accurate too as "être fautif" cannot presume a finding of negligence. Again, it may be the case but this is less formal language than being found "guilty". FOudn to be at fault by whom??? Context???

It is important to retain the register of the language used. "Être mis en cause" is not a synonym for "être mis en cause". The

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Note added at 1 day 6 hrs (2021-03-30 21:43:17 GMT)
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A fairly clear presentation of "mis en cause".

https://avocat-nakache.fr/toulouse-droit-penal/mise-en-cause...

"
LA GARDE À VUE
La garde à vue permet à un Officier de Police Judiciaire de maintenir à sa disposition, pour les besoins de l’enquête, toute personne à l’encontre de laquelle il existe une ou plusieurs raisons plausibles de soupçonner qu’elle a commis ou tenté de commettre une infraction.

La garde à vue est un moment décisif de la procédure pénale. La personne mise en cause découvre les faits dont elle est soupçonnée et fait ses premières déclarations, pour s’expliquer ou contester. Qu’elle reconnaisse les faits ou qu’il les nie, elle sera sans cesse confronté à ses déclarations initiales. Pour cette raison, la garde à vue doit être appréhendée avec la plus grande attention dans l’organisation de la défense.

La durée de la garde à vue est en principe de 24 heures, mais elle peut être renouvelée après autorisation du Procureur de la République pour 24 heures supplémentaires, sauf dans certains régimes spéciaux (en matière de trafic de stupéfiants, d’infraction commises en bande organisée, pour 96 heures au maximum).

La personne garde à vue peut s’entretenir confidentiellement avec un avocat dès la première heure de garde à vue et au début de chaque prolongation (sauf cas particuliers) et être assistée lors des interrogatoires. L’avocat assiste aux auditions et confrontations et peut poser des questions. Par sa présence, il permet d’éviter que la personne ne soit déstabilisée. Par ses interventions et ses questions, il peut poser les premiers jalons de la défense.

A ce stade de la procédure, ni la personne mise en cause, ni l’avocat n’ont accès au dossier. Il est donc essentiel, lors de la garde à vue d’être prudent avant de connaître les détails des faits qui peuvent être reprochés.

A SAVOIR : LA PERSONNE GARDÉE À VUE A LE DROIT DE GARDER LE SILENCE ET CELA NE PEUT JAMAIS LUI ÊTRE REPROCHÉ. IL EST SOUVENT JUDICIEUX D’ATTENDRE DE CONNAÎTRE LE DOSSIER ET D’AVOIR PU S’ENTRETENIR AVEC SON AVOCAT, QUI L’A ÉTUDIÉ, AVANT DE FAIRE TOUTE DÉCLARATION.
La personne gardée à vue bénéficie en outre des droits suivants :

être informé de ses droits et de la nature de l’infraction sur laquelle porte l’enquête,
être examiné par un médecin,
faire prévenir par téléphone un proche.
A l’issue de la Garde à Vue, si vous n’êtes pas remis en liberté, vous pouvez être :

déféré devant un Juge d’instruction en vue de votre mise en examen,
cité à comparaître immédiatement devant le Tribunal,
convoqué à une date ultérieure devant un Tribunal."

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Note added at 1 day 7 hrs (2021-03-30 22:55:43 GMT)
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Addititonal notes 2:
Civil procedure FR: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/section_lc/LEGITEXT0000...

Cf. arts. 331 - 333.


https://legadroit.com/phase-d-instruction/

"Vous êtes mis en cause dans une instruction, le juge vous donne un statut particulier dans cette instruction, statut qui vous ouvre des droits et des obligations.

Vous pouvez être :

Témoin simple,
Témoin assisté,
Mis en examen."

Each is detailed in the source cited.




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Note added at 1 day 7 hrs (2021-03-30 23:04:18 GMT)
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Additional note 3.
From page 4, this may be helpful."
https://www.edimark.fr/Front/frontpost/getfiles/15065.pdf
"Commissions régionales de conciliation
et d’indemnisation
des accidents médicaux (CRCI) [7]
Les CRCI sont au centre d’un dispositif issu de la loi
du 4 mars 2002. Il en existe à ce jour 25 en France
métropolitaine et outre-mer.
[...]
Il s’agit de commissions de règlement amiable,
administratives, de nature non juridictionnelle. Leur
saisine ne supprime en rien les recours devant les
tribunaux (administratif ou judiciaire, civil ou pénal),
qui peuvent être concomitants. Elle suspend la prescription des actions devant les juridictions.
L’objectif de ces commissions est de faciliter l’indemnisation des victimes d’accident médical, d’affection
iatrogène ou d’infection nosocomiale, que les acteurs
de santé MIS EN CAUSE mis en cause appartiennent au secteur public ou au secteur privé.
[...]".

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Note added at 1 day 7 hrs (2021-03-30 23:07:47 GMT)
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Interesting to note that the CRCI/CCI can be run in parallel to legal action through the courts.

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Note added at 1 day 7 hrs (2021-03-30 23:16:25 GMT)
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Précisions: page 4/7 is interesting with regard to the "Cas clinique de retard diagnostic" for the definintions of "retarc diagnostic" and the info about "expertisees".
Page 7/7 concerns how the CRCI works.

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Note added at 1 day 7 hrs (2021-03-30 23:21:13 GMT)
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Note the use of "mis en cause" on page 7 and explanations and discussions of "retard de diagnostic" and "expertises" on page 4.
Note from asker:
Thanks Nikki for all this research! I can't wait to read this article. I will also ask the author for some clarifications :)
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