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English to Malay: Agriculture General field: Other Detailed field: Agriculture
Source text - English Before agriculture became widespread, people spent most of their lives searching for food --- hunting wild animals and gathering wild plants. About 11,500 years ago, people gradually learned how to grow cereal and root crops, and settled down to a life based on farming.
By 2,000 years ago, much of the Earth’s population had become dependent on agriculture. Scholars are not sure why this shift to farming took place, but it may have occurred because of climate change. When people began growing crops, they also began herding and breeding wild animals. Adapting wild plants and animals for people to use is called domestication.
The first domesticated plant was probably rice or corn. Chinese farmers were cultivating rice as early as 7500 BCE. The first domesticated animals were dogs, which were used for hunting. Sheep and goats were probably domesticated next. People also domesticated cattle and pigs. Most of these animals had once been hunted for hides and meat. Now many of them are also sources of milk, cheese, and butter.
Eventually, people used domesticated animals such as oxen for plowing, pulling, and transportation. Agriculture enabled people to produce surplus food. They could use this extra food when crops failed or trade it for other goods. Food surpluses allowed people to work at other tasks unrelated to farming.
Translation - Malay Sebelum pertanian tersebar luas, manusia menghabiskan hampir keseluruhan hidup mereka mencari makanan – dengan memburu binatang buas dan memetik tumbuhan liar. Sekitar 11,500 tahun dahulu, manusia beransur-ansur belajar bagaimana untuk menanam bijiran dan tanaman berumbi, serta membina kehidupan berasaskan perladangan.
Menjelang 2,000 tahun dahulu, kebanyakan penduduk dunia telah bergantung kepada pertanian. Para cendekiawan tidak dapat memastikan mengapa peralihan kepada perladangan ini berlaku, tetapi ia mungkin berlaku disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim. Apabila manusia mula bercucuk tanam, mereka turut mengembala dan menternak haiwan liar. Aktiviti mengadaptasi tumbuhan liar dan haiwan untuk kegunaan manusia ini dikenali sebagai domestikasi.
Padi atau jagung mungkin merupakan tanaman pertama yang didomestikasi. Tanaman padi telah diusahakan oleh peladang China seawal 7500 SM. Haiwan pertama yang didomestikasi ialah anjing, yang digunakan untuk memburu. Biri-biri dan kambing berkemungkinan didomestikasi selepas itu. Manusia turut mendomestikasi lembu dan khinzir. Kebanyakan haiwan tersebut pada suatu masa dahulu hanya diburu untuk kulit dan daging. Kini, kebanyakan daripadanya turut menjadi sumber bagi penghasilan susu, keju dan mentega.
Lama-kelamaan, manusia menggunakan haiwan yang didomestikasi seperti lembu jantan bagi tujuan pembajakan, penundaan dan pengangkutan. Pertanian membolehkan manusia menghasilkan makanan lebihan. Mereka boleh menggunakan makanan lebihan ini ketika tanaman tidak menjadi atau menukarkannya dengan barangan lain. Makanan lebihan membolehkan manusia untuk melakukan kerja-kerja lain yang tidak berkaitan dengan perladangan.
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